the core screenshot function now can capture the screen at any lower resolution
performing bilinear filtering.
we also now have some client code to interface with the screenshot service.
it's now possible to request a screenshot at a lower resolution.
Change-Id: I33689bba98507ab928d0898b21596d0d2fe4b953
AssetManager instances are created by zygote and passed to all its
children so that they don't have to individually open
frameworks-res.apk. This creates a problem for determining the current
file offset when using lseek() on those files, because you can't
guarantee the cross-process locking of a mutex. Luckily, Linux
implements pread() to get around this suckiness.
The problem is that only Linux implements this, so we have to keep the
old locking for use on host builds with aapt and friends. aapt doesn't
have this same problem of sharing file descriptors across forked
processes, so we can keep the local AutoMutex to protect accesses of
those files.
Change-Id: Ibe9f11499a53fe345f50fbaea438815ec0fd363e
Merge commit 'e11b76d3efb056edea301d53a354d0730adf3520'
* commit 'e11b76d3efb056edea301d53a354d0730adf3520':
Minor logging changes to input dispatcher to help with debugging.
This change narrows the opportunity for a race condition setting the
resource Configuration while devices are being updated.
Change-Id: I58efa563f4129ab0fce7108511d16a99dff7e451
There is apparently still a race upon reading the entry Local File
Header that can't be tracked down, so move the LFH check inside the
mutex-protected block so we can call lseek again to see where we are
when we log an error.
Also, close() can fail so use TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY on it so we don't
unwittingly leak file descriptors when Mean Mr. EINTR comes a-knocking.
Change-Id: I753abad0bd882fe28f7281c406fa76f64393ef4c
Added dumpsys reporting to EventHub.
Made the formatting a bit clearer.
Added 'Locked' suffix to some internal methods of EventHub.
Change-Id: Ic449560bcce378f6361895d27c66854e9724abb0
Merge commit '57fa3e8b4c94125ddb5be015dd7fbde4a458894f'
* commit '57fa3e8b4c94125ddb5be015dd7fbde4a458894f':
Support haptic feedback for virtual keys defined in key layout.
the core screenshot function now can capture the screen at any lower resolution
performing bilinear filtering.
we also now have some client code to interface with the screenshot service.
it's now possible to request a screenshot at a lower resolution.
Change-Id: I5a3b0e431421800e3aad601d9af8f94adffbc71f
This feature is currently used to enable dragging the start and end
selection handles of a TextView at the same time. Could be used for
other things later.
Deleted some dead code in ArrowKeyMovementMethod and CursorControllers.
Change-Id: I930accd97ca1ca1917aab8a807db2c950fc7b409
Merge commit '495ad4f22096aa172d025c16c25497e7dad8f2bd'
* commit '495ad4f22096aa172d025c16c25497e7dad8f2bd':
simple test app for screen capture API
add support for [1974164] Be able to take a screen shot on the device
screenshots are taken using ISurfaceComposer::captureScreen() which returns
the size of the screenshot and an IMemoryHeap containing the data.
screenshots have limitations:
- they will always fail if a secure window is up on screen
- require GL_OES_framebuffer_object extension
- in some situation, video planes won't been captured
Change-Id: I741c68a2d2984fb139039301c3349e6780e2cd58
- New feature to "am monitor" to have it automatically launch
gdbserv for you when a crash/ANR happens, and tell you how to
run the client.
- Update dumpstate to match new location of binder debug logs
- Various commented out logs that are being used to track down
issues.
Change-Id: Ia5dd0cd2df983a1fc6be697642a4590aa02a26a5
Since we switched to seeking to the LFH to verify its existence instead
of a huge mmap of the file, we have to guarantee that another seek
doesn't happen before we finish our read on the LFH.
Change-Id: If8135d9cb6f2f5cc4db734eafa4f6b5f6269c62a
Also fix a Valgrind complaint by zeroing out the entire epoll event
struct since otherwise the data field union would be partly
uninitialized (but not in a harmful way).
Change-Id: I2091ce517e87fcad7c9caf90e2c5e4854a7ca465
In the common case, there is nothing interesting happening on the native
Looper besides occasional wake ups. There is no point grabbing the
semaphore then.
Change-Id: Ib5c426d0e158dfa37891b7ff5537b6f833592fad
Merge commit '8f476407bf4e6283b128532d594d44cc527e8204'
* commit '8f476407bf4e6283b128532d594d44cc527e8204':
part of fix for [3004226] Cannot end the call - Proximity sensor doesn't work
Older glibc version do not include BSD htole32 and htole64 which are
present in bionic. This worksaround a sim-eng build issue by only
using htole32/htole64 if the host is not little endian.
Change-Id: Ia8d0d36285f3c34c51a331790458e52a21c2925f
Merge commit '03335af0dbf14d1eb4503be92a5b10199719898c'
* commit '03335af0dbf14d1eb4503be92a5b10199719898c':
Fix NPE when handling certain kinds of ANRs.
Merge commit '7642c82c291051919aad87c797e2dc1d77ed55e1'
* commit '7642c82c291051919aad87c797e2dc1d77ed55e1':
Make input dispatcher only ANR for foreground windows.
Redesigned the input dispatcher's ANR timeout mechanism so it is much
closer to Froyo's policy. ANR is only ever signalled if the dispatcher
is waiting on a window to finish processing its previous event(s) and
there is new pending input.
In the old code, we tracked the dispatch timeout separately for each
input channel. This was somewhat complicated and also resulted in the
situation where applications could ANR long after the user had pushed
them into the background.
Change-Id: I666ecada0952d4b95f1d67b9f733842b745c7f4b
Merge commit '14bc6b5d0677e5c454a67775c852f90389bb4567'
* commit '14bc6b5d0677e5c454a67775c852f90389bb4567':
Replace epoll() with poll() and rename PollLoop to Looper.
As part of this change, consolidated and cleaned up the Looper API so
that there are fewer distinctions between the NDK and non-NDK declarations
(no need for two callback types, etc.).
Removed the dependence on specific constants from sys/poll.h such as
POLLIN. Instead looper.h defines events like LOOPER_EVENT_INPUT for
the events that it supports. That should help make any future
under-the-hood implementation changes easier.
Fixed a couple of compiler warnings along the way.
Change-Id: I449a7ec780bf061bdd325452f823673e2b39b6ae
There are 16 events logged in the event log:
SF_APP_DEQUEUE_BEFORE
SF_APP_DEQUEUE_AFTER
SF_APP_LOCK_BEFORE
SF_APP_LOCK_AFTER
SF_APP_QUEUE
SF_REPAINT
SF_COMPOSITION_COMPLETE
SF_UNLOCK_CLIENTS
SF_SWAP_BUFFERS
SF_REPAINT_DONE
SF_FB_POST_BEFORE
SF_FB_POST_AFTER
SF_FB_DEQUEUE_BEFORE
SF_FB_DEQUEUE_AFTER
SF_FB_LOCK_BEFORE
SF_FB_LOCK_AFTER
all events log the buffer conserned and a timestamp in microseconds.
by default the logging is not enabled, to turn it on:
adb shell service call SurfaceFlinger 1006 i31 1
adb shell setprop debug.graphic_log 1
The effect is immediate in SurfaceFlinger, but applications need to be
restarted.
Change-Id: Ifc2e31f7aed072d9a7dede20ff2ce59231edbec1
This change is essentially a rewrite of the main input dispatcher loop
with the target identification folded in. Since the input dispatcher now
has all of the window state, it can make better decisions about
when to ANR.
Added a .5 second deadline for processing app switch keys. This behavior
predates Gingerbread but had not previously been ported.
Fixed some timing inaccuracies in the ANR accounting that could cause
applications to ANR sooner than they should have.
Added a mechanism for tracking key and motion events that have been
dispatched to a window so that appropriate cancelation events can be
synthesized when recovering from ANR. This change helps to keep
applications in sync so they don't end up with stuck buttons upon
recovery from ANRs.
Added more comments to describe the tricky parts of PollLoop.
Change-Id: I13dffca27acb436fc383980db536abc4d8b9e6f1
Merge commit '510951e98bdb861130f38c087956cd05e0b41dcd'
* commit '510951e98bdb861130f38c087956cd05e0b41dcd':
Always set the scheduling group when starting a new thread.
Added the MotionEvent.FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED flag which is set by the
input manager whenever another visible window is partly or wholly obscured
the target of a touch event so that applications can filter touches
accordingly.
Added a "filterTouchesWhenObscured" attribute to View which can be used to
enable filtering of touches when the view's window is obscured.
Change-Id: I936d9c85013fd2d77fb296a600528d30a29027d2
This reverts commit 52b8235238fb4d8cf141020cc1ae33880929dc3f.
munmap() on a region that overlaps something else (e.g, the ZIP Central
Directory in this case) unmaps those other regions as well making the
ZipFileRO class unhappy. Revert this for now until we can have FileMap
deal with this craziness.
Merge commit 'a1205f07a6f0c745e8f42f16fe38c06af04143c7'
* commit 'a1205f07a6f0c745e8f42f16fe38c06af04143c7':
Modify native ALooper to take an explicit ident.
The ALooper API now uses an explicit "identifier" for the integer
that is returned rather than implicitly using the fd. This allows
the APIs that had the fd to be a little more sane.
Change-Id: I8507f535ad484c0bdc4a1bd016d87bb09acd7ff0
Merge commit 'b8bcfed5524a37ee51e3f1129f1df91bc4a59cb4'
* commit 'b8bcfed5524a37ee51e3f1129f1df91bc4a59cb4':
Add system property to turn off scheduling groups.
An error code is returned as -ESOMETHING, but the debug code was
printing out 0x%08x for these codes making -74 print out as 0xffffffb5
which is kind of silly.
Change-Id: I7d77fb3da2e146845949f121404f662b47288e61
This was causing stack stitching problems where a one-way call with
violations followed by a two-way call without violations was getting
the previous one-way call's violation stack stitched on to the second
caller's stack.
The solution is a little more indirect than I would've liked
(preserving the binder's onTransact flags until enforceInterface) but
was seemingly necessary to work without changing the AIDL compiler.
It should also be sufficiently cheap, since no new calls to
thread-local IPCThreadState lookups were required. The additional
work is just same-thread getter/setters on the existing
IPCThreadState.
Change-Id: I4b6db1d445c56e868e6d0d7be3ba6849f4ef23ae
Finished the input device capability API.
Added a mechanism for calibrating touch devices to obtain more
accurate information about the touch contact area.
Improved pointer location to show new coordinates and capabilities.
Optimized pointer location display and formatting to avoid allocating large
numbers of temporary objects. The GC churn was causing the application to
stutter very badly when more than a couple of fingers were down).
Added more diagnostics.
Change-Id: Ie25380278ed6f16c5b04cd9df848015850383498
Some assets are failing to read from ZIP files. This adds a bit more
debugging to figure out what's going on.
Change-Id: Id90e10546c54c85069a34478fbc28bc2523bda5d
Merge commit 'bc4389edfbb5777aec1a9af7863b2ca3ade2fa64'
* commit 'bc4389edfbb5777aec1a9af7863b2ca3ade2fa64':
fix [2931513] Add support for setting the orientation of an ANativeWindow
This change makes the camera HAL interface take an ANativeWindow interface from
which all the camera preview buffers will be allocated. The framework code
running in application processes now passes a Surface object rather than an
ISurface to the camera server via Binder when setting the preview surface. The
camera server then forwards that Surface object (which implements the
ANativeWindow interface) to the camera HAL, which uses it to communicate with
SurfaceFlinger to allocate the camera preview buffers.
Change-Id: Ie438f721559cd7de5e4f848a26d96360dda07b5f
system_server can potentially monitor uevent devices that are
of no use to it. For instance, an accelerometer implementation
as uevents. This would cause the process to be busy when
unnecessary. If a device cannot be classified, don't monitor it.
Change-Id: I489cc453bdce7cb376102cba67a9ea470e13292d
Merge commit 'd7d58be0b8c1be69bfb774f38bf6d1410d87c4ce'
* commit 'd7d58be0b8c1be69bfb774f38bf6d1410d87c4ce':
Make the throttling more sensitive to end-to-end latency.
Merge commit '33992d4195fe55f42ba6919f5a07707a51a12d5d'
* commit '33992d4195fe55f42ba6919f5a07707a51a12d5d':
Fix some input device mapping bugs with certain drivers.
The code now takes into account the time when the event was generated.
So with a 60Hz throttling rate, it ensures that a motion event will not
be delayed due to throttling by any more than 1/60th of second past
the time it was generated.
Change-Id: Iaea1d4f76e79036b4a18873485230731c3cd63c3
system_server can potentially monitor uevent devices that are
of no use to it. For instance, an accelerometer implementation
as uevents. This would cause the process to be busy when
unnecessary. If a device cannot be classified, don't monitor it.
Change-Id: Ib2c93105e7d746d9c1a7414bea8bab3fb8c0b70a
On single-touch devices, pointer up/down is signalled by a BTN_TOUCH
key event. Previously we handled BTN_TOUCH immediately but some drivers
may produce the sequence BTN_TOUCH, ABS_X, ABS_Y, SYN_REPORT on pointer down
which caused us to emit a bad initial pointer down location.
Now we wait for SYN_REPORT before reporting the up or down.
On multi-touch devices, pointer up can be signalled by as little as
the sequence SYN_MT_REPORT, SYN_REPORT. This change ensures that we
handle this case.
Added support for reading ABS_MT_PRESSURE when available.
Corrected mapping of touchMajor/touchMinor on single touch devices.
Minor code cleanup.
Change-Id: Ic7ec4811241ed85a06e59b8a839ca05180d491d4
Merge commit '72ce42352c1c229e05d910b4176f3cddb608e814' into gingerbread-plus-aosp
* commit '72ce42352c1c229e05d910b4176f3cddb608e814':
Fix possible race conditions during channel unregistration.
Sometimes the wrong fd was accessed when the device was addressed
by device id.
The earlier implementation assumed that two arrays were in sync
but one of them was compacted when devices were removed. Instead
of that dependency the device now keeps track of it's file descriptor.
Change-Id: Ib0f320603aafb07ded354bc3687de9759c9068f2
* Add flags field in OBB footer to support overlays.
* Remove unused 'crypto' and 'filesystem' fields in obbtool (could
later be supported in the "flags" field of the OBB footer).
* Add notes to document OBB classes before shipping.
Change-Id: I386b43c32c5edef55210acb5d3322639c08010ba
Previously, the input dispatcher assumed that the input channel's
receive pipe file descriptor was a sufficiently unique identifier for
looking up input channels in its various tables. However, it can happen
that an input channel is disposed and then a new input channel is
immediately created that reuses the same file descriptor. Ordinarily
this is not a problem, however there is a small opportunity for a race
to arise in InputQueue.
When InputQueue receives an input event from the dispatcher, it
generates a finishedToken that encodes the channel's receive pipe fd,
and a sequence number. The finishedToken is used by the ViewRoot
as a handle for the event so that it can tell the InputQueue when
the event has finished being processed.
Here is the race:
1. InputQueue receives an input event, assigns a new finishedToken.
2. ViewRoot begins processing the input event.
3. During processing, ViewRoot unregisters the InputChannel.
4. A new InputChannel is created and is registered with the Input Queue.
This InputChannel happens to have the same receive pipe fd as
the one previously registered.
5. ViewRoot tells the InputQueue that it has finished processing the
input event, passing along the original finishedToken.
6. InputQueue throws an exception because the finishedToken's receive
pipe fd is registered but the sequence number is incorrect so it
assumes that the client has called finish spuriously.
The fix is to include a unique connection id within the finishedToken so
that the InputQueue can accurately confirm that the token belongs to
the currently registered InputChannel rather than to an old one that
happened to have the same receive pipe fd. When it notices this, it
ignores the spurious finish.
I've also made a couple of other small changes to avoid similar races
elsewhere.
This patch set also includes a fix to synthesize a finished signal
when the input channel is unregistered on the client side to
help keep the server and client in sync.
Bug: 2834068
Change-Id: I1de34a36249ab74c359c2c67a57e333543400f7b
Merge commit 'ddbcce3afbb38680fb84583f7bad5209307e6459'
* commit 'ddbcce3afbb38680fb84583f7bad5209307e6459':
Keep track of remaining fd when devices are removed
Add "obbtool" host command for adding, removing, and querying Opaque
Binary Blob (OBB) information from a file.
Change-Id: Id2ac41e687ad2a500c362616d6738a8ae7e8f5c3
The LHS was ignored when using:
String8 + String8
String8 + (const char*)
Add unit tests for above.
Bug: 2898473
Change-Id: Ic8fe7be668b665c36aaaa3fc3c3ffdfff0fbba25
In the success case, the 65kB scanBuf was not freed!
Also, get rid of annoying complaints about ssize_t from printf in error
cases.
Change-Id: If154ac19bf47637f898b4ec8c8e27c9a073a7b81
Also fixed bug where old touch screen size could be reported by
getMotionRange if an orientation change occurred but the user has not
yet touched the screen.
Bug: 2877345
Change-Id: I7878f47458f310ed6ebe6a5d1b2c9bec2c598ab9
Exposed the new "min delay" sensor property through native and
java sensor apis. This allows the caller to know what is the
maximum rate at which a sensor can return events, or, if a sensor
works in "update" mode (events returned only when the value changes).
Also augmented SensorManager.regusterSensorEvent() so that it can
accept a value in microsecond in addition to the 4 constants already
defined.
Change-Id: If425e9979892666df8c989d7de3c362230fa19e0
On the assumption that the local min() function declaration is in
conflict with some 'min' #define floating around, rename the local
function to min_of().
Change-Id: I62aa27f213c6093cc78805de611cf4aa75f0eef2
Added a new asynchronous injection mode and made the existing
synchronization mechanism more robust.
Change-Id: Ia4aa04fd9b75ea2461a844c5b7933c831c1027e6
Added a new asynchronous injection mode and made the existing
synchronization mechanism more robust.
Change-Id: I0464f70ff5cbd519dbb02686b2cb5d810fe7dbb2
Merge commit '9362ea760f565389f5accce7e17476d05510ed59'
* commit '9362ea760f565389f5accce7e17476d05510ed59':
fix [2873058] Surface::dequeueBuffer blocks on last buffer, i.e. cannot dequeue all allocated buffers at once.
Compressed assets larger than one megabyte are now decompressed on demand
rather than being decompressed in their entirety and held in memory. Reading
the data in order is relatively efficient, as is seeking forward in the stream.
Seeking backwards is supported, but requires reprocessing the compressed data
from the beginning, so is very inefficient.
In addition, the size limit on compressed assets has been eliminated.
Change-Id: I6e68247957e6c53e7e8ba70d12764695f1723bad
Merge commit '9795a25da060f9a7df87da8ab43fb1086d4322a5'
* commit '9795a25da060f9a7df87da8ab43fb1086d4322a5':
Refactor input reader to support new device types more easily.
Refactored the input reader so that each raw input protocol is handled
by a separate subclass of the new InputMapper type. This way, behaviors
pertaining to keyboard, trackballs, touchscreens, switches and other
devices are clearly distinguished for improved maintainability.
Added partial support for describing capabilities of input devices
(incomplete and untested for now, will be fleshed out in later commits).
Simplified EventHub interface somewhat since InputReader is taking over
more of the work.
Cleaned up some of the interactions between InputManager and
WindowManagerService related to reading input state.
Fixed swiping finger from screen edge into display area.
Added logging of device information to 'dumpsys window'.
Change-Id: I17faffc33e3aec3a0f33f0b37e81a70609378612
this situation happened when the last buffer needed to be resized
(or allocated, the first time). the assumption was that the buffer
was in use by SF itself as the current buffer (obviously, this
assumption made no sense when the buffer had never been allocated, btw).
the system would wait until some other buffer became the "front" buffer.
we fix this problem by entirely removing the requirement that the
buffer being resized cannot be the front buffer. instead, we just
allocate a new buffer and replace the front buffer by the new one.
the downside is that this uses more memory (an extra buffer) for a
brief amount of time while the old buffer is being reallocated and
before it has actually been replaced.
Change-Id: I022e4621209474ceb1c671b23deb4188eaaa7285
Merge commit '1db0e88e60ca4f99edff149fe2ab8499e749df47'
* commit '1db0e88e60ca4f99edff149fe2ab8499e749df47':
Fix a memory corruption when writting Sensor into a parcel
moved surfaceflinger, audioflinger, cameraservice
all native services should now reside in this location.
Change-Id: Icd7336f7289db35df9c8c1857a5122bb8a6f1c86
remove old sensor service and implement SensorManager
on top of the new (native) SensorManger API.
Change-Id: Iddb77d498755da3e11646473a44d651f12f40281
Merge commit '98f8e0cbaa19b4a045e6f201290e731ddfad67ba'
* commit '98f8e0cbaa19b4a045e6f201290e731ddfad67ba':
Remove some debug logging that I accidentally committed.
Merge commit '04b953132edb5482f0aa6d992f89e7016961528c'
* commit '04b953132edb5482f0aa6d992f89e7016961528c':
Re-use existing Surface objects when reading them from parcels.
This change adds a process-global cache of previously deserialized Surface
objects so that if a Surface object wrapping the same ISurface gets received
again the same Surface can be used. This is important because the 'tail'
pointer in the SharedBufferClient is stored only on the client side, and needs
to be the same for all the Surface objects wrapping an ISurface instance. This
solves the problem by making there only be one Surface object wrapping an
ISurface per process.
Change-Id: I4bf0b8787885c56277622fca053022d2bb638902
Add dumpsys integration for the native input dispatcher.
Add some InputDevice API stubs.
Add an appendFormat helper method to String8 for printf style
string formatting mainly for debugging purposes.
Use generic ArrayList<WindowState> everywhere in WindowManagerService
to eliminate unnecessary casts all over.
Change-Id: I9d1e3bd90eb7222d10620200477f11b7bfd25e44
This significantly re-works the native key dispatching code to
allow events to be pre-dispatched to the current IME before
being processed by native code. It introduces one new public
API, which must be called after retrieving an event if the app
wishes for it to be pre-dispatched.
Currently the native code will only do pre-dispatching of
system keys, to avoid significant overhead for gaming input.
This should be improved to be smarted, filtering for only
keys that the IME is interested in. Unfortunately IMEs don't
currently provide this information. :p
Change-Id: Ic1c7aeec8b348164957f2cd88119eb5bd85c2a9f
Added several new coordinate values to MotionEvents to capture
touch major/minor area, tool major/minor area and orientation.
Renamed NDK input constants per convention.
Added InputDevice class in Java which will eventually provide
useful information about available input devices.
Added APIs for manufacturing new MotionEvent objects with multiple
pointers and all necessary coordinate data.
Fixed a bug in the input dispatcher where it could get stuck with
a pointer down forever.
Fixed a bug in the WindowManager where the input window list could
end up containing stale removed windows.
Fixed a bug in the WindowManager where the input channel was being
removed only after the final animation transition had taken place
which caused spurious WINDOW DIED log messages to be printed.
Change-Id: Ie55084da319b20aad29b28a0499b8dd98bb5da68
Now, when Thread A has a strict mode policy in effect and does a
Binder call to Thread B (most likely in another process), the strict
mode policy is passed along, but with the GATHER penalty bit set which
overrides other policies and instead gathers all offending stack
traces to a threadlocal which are then written back in the Parcel's
reply header.
Change-Id: I7d4497032a0609b37b1a2a15855f5c929ba0584d
moved surfaceflinger, audioflinger, cameraservice
all native services should now reside in this location.
Change-Id: Iee42b83dd2a94c3bf5107ab0895fe2dfcd5337a8
Merge commit 'db386f2c263c6e9e4b825d4c9a320849f8f2c916'
* commit 'db386f2c263c6e9e4b825d4c9a320849f8f2c916':
first step at implementing the native sensor support
Merge commit '98704f14eaeef6c9bcb73fea162f4941dd9bbd87'
* commit '98704f14eaeef6c9bcb73fea162f4941dd9bbd87':
Remove the YV16 format for simplicity's sake.
in this commit:
- implemented the C stub
- implemented the binder interfaces involved
- implemented most of the C++ client side
missing:
- SensorManager cannot connect to the SensorServer yet
(because there is no SensorServer yet)
Change-Id: I75010cbeef31c98d6fa62fd5d388dcef87c2636b
Merge commit 'f8d9379bd834573feca085284970cf686993c330'
* commit 'f8d9379bd834573feca085284970cf686993c330':
IME events are now dispatched to native applications.
And also:
- APIs to show and hide the IME, and control its interaction with the app.
- APIs to tell the app when its window resizes and needs to be redrawn.
- API to tell the app the content rectangle of its window (to layout
around the IME or status bar).
There is still a problem with IME interaction -- we need a way for the
app to deliver events to the IME before it handles them, so that for
example the back key will close the IME instead of finishing the app.
Change-Id: I37b75fc2ec533750ef36ca3aedd2f0cc0b5813cd
